Gum Disease

Q: What are the stages of gum disease?

A: There are two basic stages of gum disease, gingivitis and periodontitis.

Gingivitis is the earliest stage of gum disease. It is caused by the accumulation of a sticky deposit of bacteria, called plaque, in the pocket that separates the tooth and gum. When this plaque builds up, it causes inflammation of the gum tissue. They become red, soft, and swollen. The gums may bleed easily, even when only brushed gently. You may also notice bad breath as a symptom. If left untreated, gingivitis can lead to the more advanced stage of gum disease called periodontitis. Periodontitis is characterized by bone loss around the teeth and is generally classified in three stages - mild, moderate, and severe. There are several different types of periodontal disease, but they all lead to bone loss. Sufficient bone loss around the teeth will result in loosening of the teeth and tooth loss.

A good oral hygiene program that includes thoroughly brushing the teeth after meals and flossing at least once every 24 hours can help prevent gum disease. This will keep calculus (a.k.a. tartar), a hard chalky deposit, and bacterial plaque formations to a minimum. Dentists may recommend the use of special toothpicks, toothbrushes, and inter-dental stimulators. However, the most and diligent program of oral hygiene will not remove calculus that has already formed and is firmly attached to the teeth at the gumline and below. Your dentist or hygienist must remove calculus usually by scaling it off with a dental instrument. Recently, dentists have learned that other factors, such as genetics and nutrition, play a role in the development of periodontal disease. You should talk to your dentist about a prevention and treatment program that is right for you.